Assassination Attempt on Franklin D. Roosevelt

Assassination Attempt on Franklin D. Roosevelt Statistically, being the president of the United States is one of the most dangerous jobs in the world, since four have been assassinated (Abraham Lincoln, James Garfield, William McKinley, and John F. Kennedy). In addition to the presidents that have actually been killed while in office, there have been a myriad of unsuccessful attempts to kill U.S. presidents. One of these happened on February 15, 1933, when  Giuseppe Zangara tried to kill President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt in Miami, Florida. The Assassination Attempt On February 15, 1933, just over two  weeks before Franklin D. Roosevelt was inaugurated as President of the United States, FDR arrived at the Bayfront Park in Miami, Florida around 9 p.m. to give a speech from the back seat of his light-blue Buick. Around 9:35 p.m., FDR finished his speech and had begun talking to some supporters who had gathered around his car when when five shots rang out. Giuseppe Joe Zangara, an Italian immigrant and unemployed bricklayer, had emptied his .32 caliber pistol at FDR. Shooting from about 25 feet away, Zangara was close enough kill FDR. However, since Zangara was only 51, he couldnt see FDR without climbing up on a wobbly chair in order to see over the crowd. Also, a woman named Lillian Cross, who stood near Zangara in the crowd, claimed to have hit Zangaras hand during the shooting. Whether it was because of bad aim, the wobbly chair, or Mrs. Crosss intervention, all five bullets missed FDR. The bullets, however, did hit bystanders. Four received minor injuries, while Chicagos Mayor Anton Cermak was mortally hit in the stomach. FDR Appears Brave During the whole ordeal, FDR appeared calm, brave, and decisive. While FDRs driver wanted to immediately rush the president-elect to safety, FDR ordered the car to stop and pick up the wounded. On their way to the hospital, FDR cradled Cermaks head on his shoulder, offering calming and comforting words which doctors later reported kept Cermak from going into shock. FDR spent several hours at the hospital, visiting each of the wounded. He came back the following day to check on the patients again. At a time when the United States desperately needed a strong leader, the untested president-elect proved himself strong and reliable in the face of crisis. Newspapers reported on both FDRs actions and demeanor, putting faith in FDR before he even stepped into the presidential office. Why Did Zangara Do It? Joe Zangara was caught immediately and taken into custody. In an interview with officials after the shooting, Zangara stated that he wanted to kill FDR because he blamed FDR and all rich people and capitalists for his chronic stomach pain. At first, a judge sentenced Zangara to 80 years in prison after Zangara pleaded guilty, saying, I kill capitalists because they kill me, stomach like drunk man. No point living. Give me electric chair.* However,  when Cermak died of his wounds on March 6, 1933 (19 days after the shooting and two days after FDRs inauguration), Zangara was charged with first-degree murder and sentenced to death. On March 20, 1933, Zangara strode to  the electric chair  unaided and then plunked himself down. His last words were Pusha da button! *Joe Zangara as quoted in Florence King, A Date Which Should Live in Irony,  The American Spectator  February 1999: 71-72.

Free Essays on Early Rome

Jan M. Mason 11: -11:50 MWF 1502 Early roman history Chapter 4 Review As Greece reached the height of its prosperity Rome which lye slightly to the west slowly began its rise as a civilization. The Greeks centered their culture around Art and literature whereas opposed to the Romans who settled their culture upon warfare and leadership. Without planning, would rise very steadily as an empire. Shortly before Christ most of the surrounding cities and nations were at peace under Rome's rule. Early Romans kept no written records. Their history is so mixed up with fables and myths that historians have difficulty distinguishing fact from fiction. Historians only know of two early works of Roman history, the history of Livy and the Roman Antiquities of Dionysius of Halicarnassus. The old legends say that Romulus founded the city in 753 BC. Romulus was a mythical person, but there is some evidence that the kings who are said to have followed him actually existed. Shortly before 600 BC several Etruscan princes from conquered Rome across the Tiber River. Taraquinius Priscus, the first of the Etruscan kings, drained the city’s marshes. Servius Tullius, the second Etruscan king, made a treaty with the Latin cities, which acknowledged Rome as the head of all Latium. The last king, Tarquinius Superbus, was a tyrant who opposed the people scorned religion. Under the rule of the Etruscans, Rome grew in importance and power. Great temples and impressive public works were constructed. Trade prospered and by the end of the 6th century BC Rome had become the largest and richest city in Italy. The old Latin aristocracy ended up rebelling against the Etruscan kings. Junius Brutus led the rebellion against Tarquinius Superbus in 509 BC. The young republic was now set out on its long career of almost constant warfare and conquest. At the time it did not seem destined to rule the civilized world. It was only a tiny city-state, much lik... Free Essays on Early Rome Free Essays on Early Rome Jan M. Mason 11: -11:50 MWF 1502 Early roman history Chapter 4 Review As Greece reached the height of its prosperity Rome which lye slightly to the west slowly began its rise as a civilization. The Greeks centered their culture around Art and literature whereas opposed to the Romans who settled their culture upon warfare and leadership. Without planning, would rise very steadily as an empire. Shortly before Christ most of the surrounding cities and nations were at peace under Rome's rule. Early Romans kept no written records. Their history is so mixed up with fables and myths that historians have difficulty distinguishing fact from fiction. Historians only know of two early works of Roman history, the history of Livy and the Roman Antiquities of Dionysius of Halicarnassus. The old legends say that Romulus founded the city in 753 BC. Romulus was a mythical person, but there is some evidence that the kings who are said to have followed him actually existed. Shortly before 600 BC several Etruscan princes from conquered Rome across the Tiber River. Taraquinius Priscus, the first of the Etruscan kings, drained the city’s marshes. Servius Tullius, the second Etruscan king, made a treaty with the Latin cities, which acknowledged Rome as the head of all Latium. The last king, Tarquinius Superbus, was a tyrant who opposed the people scorned religion. Under the rule of the Etruscans, Rome grew in importance and power. Great temples and impressive public works were constructed. Trade prospered and by the end of the 6th century BC Rome had become the largest and richest city in Italy. The old Latin aristocracy ended up rebelling against the Etruscan kings. Junius Brutus led the rebellion against Tarquinius Superbus in 509 BC. The young republic was now set out on its long career of almost constant warfare and conquest. At the time it did not seem destined to rule the civilized world. It was only a tiny city-state, much lik...

Case reflective anaysis for desicion making Essay

Case reflective anaysis for desicion making - Essay Example Then I decided to sell the oversized room to the guest with a negotiable prize to reduce the lost and maximize the profits for the organization. After the guest check-in, the hotel manager told me that one of the up side stakeholder will came to the hotel that night and so I needed to organize the exclusive president room for him. But there was no more available room I could offer for him. I could only refuse the order and provide another room for the guest. After this, the hotel manager not satisfied with my decision, but there was no negative impact for my good job performance. Due to a continuous long term full room occupancy task, I got a promotion to be a higher-level manager in the Hotel. Analysis of Case Bounded rationality impact for my decision making I decide to promote the presidential room as a lower price to the walks in customer because of the bounded rationality. Bounded rationality is individual’s personal cognitive abilities to take decision towards rational o utcomes and optimal decision making style (Kalantari, 2010). Individual’s personal decision making is hindered by various external and internal factors as decision making is a complex process of understanding cognitive abilities and personal abilities. Sometime manager hold bounded rationality theory in to action for taking decision as neo-classical theory cannot justify and hold in real world decision making where the limitations are in excess (Saphiro, 1997). Foe example, selling the rooms with a lower price is a method to outcome the economic depression. As the manager, I should carry on decision while understanding objectives supports the decision making process for organization. Moreover the individual cognitive ability tends to impact the decision making process as cognition ability of every individual vary person to person. (Robbins and Judge, 2011). Therefore, I must kept in mind and help staff to make a better decision when they working. So based on the bounded ratio nality, I cannot sell the rooms with the normal price which will lead low profit for the hotel. Therefore individual’s decision making is affected and influenced by various elements of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that needed to understood in order to completely understand the decision process. Various methods can be utilized for making decision making as it can referred that individual sometime behavior of the decision maker directly associate the decision outcome (Nicholson and Snyder, 2007) Risk and uncertainty in decision making In hotel room management, which involves the sale of rooms to guests, several acts of risk and uncertainty comes up. These risks and uncertainties increase as the rate of options in decision making increase (Hissam and Daniel, 2009). The reason this is so is that hotel rooms come with different values and costs. In most cases however, customers do not come to request for rooms according to the value and cost of rooms. In such a case, the hotel sales manager is said to be faced with risk and uncertainty. The risk is in the fact that if the manager sales out the room at a reduced cost, there may be another customer coming in with the right bid for the hotel room. The uncertainty also has to do with the fact

The Man with a Movie Camera (1929) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Man with a Movie Camera (1929) - Essay Example Additionally, film has portrays a higher mathematics montage as Vertov has used unique cinematic techniques to craft a document that have pleasantly joined facts with images hence making the film to consist only of those linkages that will signify a whole organic essential in endorsing self-reflective images. In relation to that, Vertov, believe that the camera is a â€Å"Cine-Eye,† that captures, images reflecting on found reality hence enabling him to create his own cine-truths, apart from preceding art forms and beyond the decayed conventions of traditional narrative and socially created realism. In achieving this, Vertov decided to relate man to machines and in the face of machine, man is abashed for their incapability to engross the world with a reflexive eye. For that reason, Vertov decided to use Cine-eye to organize the shots extracted from real life situation hence crafting a well calculated, and meaningful rhythmic visual order ever seen. Correspondingly, Vertov argues ‘the film is only the sum of the facts recorded on film. Thus, he advocates for film’s freedom from â€Å"the tutelage of literature and the theater â€Å"as literature and the theater promote a notion of perceiving ‘life as it’ hence nurturing imperfect human eye. For that reason, Vertov recommend that cinema vocation is necessary as it capture â€Å"the feel of the world† as this will certify for â€Å"perfectible eye† thus brings us face to face with 100% cinematography. For instance, a series of shots that demonstrate details of a womans bedroom in Moscow give us a clear picture of the lifestyle of Urban Russian in 1929. Subsequently, Vertov has capture everyday life among humans in Russia by using a series of shots that oc cur in the streets Moscow and Odessa demonstrate images of a train moving at extraordinary speed and individuals arriving at industrial unit to begin labor. Another stimulating aspect of Vertovs editing is the way he

AT&T Breach of Contract Suit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

AT&T Breach of Contract Suit - Research Paper Example After Verizon AT & T mobility services is the second largest wireless data and voice carrier in the United States. American journal on wireless voice and data carriers, 2011, shows that the company gives its services to an estimated 95 million people nationwide. Summary of facts The plaintiff a customer of the defendants received an extra charge for his cell phone bill and from then on began to suspect the company was not doing things right. The plaintiff had subscribed for defendants offer low-end data plan. As per the plan he paid fifteen dollars per month for using 200 MB data for use in his i-Phone, which as the plaintiff claimed, he never surpassed. The plaintiff was however charged an extra 15 dollars in one of his monthly bills, for 23 MB data which was above his allotted 200. The plaintiff then started investigating the defendants. He hired an independent consulting firm to help him in the investigations. The investigations revealed that the defendant’s bill overstated systematically web server traffic by seven percent to fourteen percent for the i-Pad and i-Phone users. In some of the cases investigated it was found that that the web traffic could be even overstated by 300 percent. The consulting firm alleged to have taken a new i-phone and disabled all push notifications and the location services, did not configure to an email account and generally closed all the application. After ten days according to the defendant’s data plan the phone had allegedly used 2,292KB of data. The defendants denied the allegations. Proceedings and issue in the lower court The plaintiff on the same day he served the defendants with his law suit filed a motion for orders appointing as the interim co-lead counsel of the potential class (others affected by the overbilling). This was decided to be improper and premature and was denied. The court found the motion improper at that particular stage under the Federal Arbitration Act. This is because the defendants h ad already stated that he move the court seeking to compel the dispute to arbitration. In that case the plaintiff’s motion did not give the defendant time to determine whether the case should be taken to arbitration. The court founding was that the Federation Arbitration Act expressly precluded consideration of any matters of merits when arbitrarily had been raised. The defendant responded by filling a motion to compel arbitration of the dispute as per the terms of the arbitration provision in the wireless service agreement between the plaintiff and the defendant. The suits was filed in January was however stayed pending the Supreme Court’s ruling of in the conception case. After the ruling of the Supreme Court in the Conception Case, the complainant filed an amended complaint. The complaint included 5 causes of action. The main contentious issue at the hearing by the trial court was whether or not it was appropriate to compel the dispute between the parties to arbitra tion and stay of the case during arbitration. The defendant argued using the precedence of AT & T Mobility LLC v Conception and contended that the plaintiff could not in any way avoid arbitration. Lower court ruling and reasoning The trial court ruled in favour of the defendants and ordered that the matter be referred to arbitration. The plaintiffs appealed against this decision. In its ruling the court found that the contract governing the agreement between the defendant and the plaintiff contained an express provision referring any disputes between the

Important Areas For Self Awareness Psychology Essay

Important Areas For Self Awareness Psychology Essay In a changing corporate world, strong leadership is becoming necessity for Business to survive.Complexity and chaos are creating emerging concerns in solving problem in business world, which leads more attention to leadership. This in turn has increased arguments how leadership is different from management. Management focus on responsibities and reaching goals effectively and efficiently which means it is the activities that keeps organization running(Huey,1994).However leadership is a role to influence others and guiding them to go in right direction to effectiveness(Bennis Nanus,1985).Three skills required for managers to create success organization includes establishing direction, motivating and inspiring people and aligning people (Cohn, 1998).This new leadership role, it puts more pressure on leaders to deal effectively in an environment in which knowledge is an economic resource. Knowledge includes explicit data and statistics as in history and tactic or inner sense. These are considered as key skills of leaders (White, Hodgson, Crainer, 1996).Self awareness is a foundation for tactic knowledge. In the White, et al(1996) self awareness involves the leaders being aware of their strengths and weakness and ability to accept them. Self analysis is a process of raising self awareness. So the key thing here is to collect sufficient and efficient information to make effective decision on ones future for a self managed development. By examining your strengths, weaknesses, skills and competences, a person can get a clear picture of what you are and what you have got. Important Areas for Self-Awareness Being a very complex and diverse creature Human beings need to have an understanding in many areas like psychological needs, personality traits, values, habits, emotions etc to become self aware. Understanding our personalities can help us to find the solutions in which we thrive and help us to avoid situation which will give us too much stress and mental pressure. It could be in personal or professional life. For instance an introvert person can find it more stressful in sales job than an extrovert person. So either the person has to learn skills to match the job requirement or should look for other opportunities. So Awareness of personality helps to make a decision that will lead to less stress to lead a happy life. Every person has its own personal values. Unawareness of own values may misguide to pay more attention to less unimportant work and feel guilty for not concentrating on priority works. Habits are the behaviours that are repeated routinely and automatically. Personal habit may affect our effectiveness. For instance if a person who is a manager doesnt have a habit to consult staff in decision making process may affect his ability to build staff members commitments. Knowing the psychological needs like esteem, affection, possessive, achievement, self actualization, power, control etc will help to understand their effect on interpersonal relationships. Emotional self-awareness is one of the five facets of emotional intelligence. Its about knowing ones feelings, what caused that feeling and how it impacts one thought and action. A person with high emotional self awareness can understand the internal processes of any emotional experience so can have a better control over it Managerial self Awareness There are many developmental assessments like multi-rater technique, Feedback process, filling questionnaire etc are designed with the underlying assumption that the awareness of any contradictions in how others see us and the perception of ourselves will lead to a greater degree of self awareness which in turn enhances the leadership behaviour. So its makes important to understand what is self awareness and its impact on managers performance. Piaget(1928) defended that a child is a self centered or egocentric being and so the perspective of others is largely ignored and are of no concern. Then there is gradual progression from self centered view to more socially aware view. Gradually a child learns to take others role in social interactions where self is viewed as an object(Mead, 1934).This process of role taking involves paying attention to needs, opinions, intentions, emotions and intellectual capabilities of others which are important characteristics for a child to become an actual communicator (Flavell, Botkin Fry, 1968). The child that is not actively taking part in this role taking behavior is not able to be an effective communicator (Piaget, 1928), because the concept of ones point of view is absent. Intellectual egocentrism can be defined as the inability to take other roles. The ability to search for the opinions of others and compare them to their own viewpoint in order to make comparisons is absent, and therefore hinders almost every part of the childs life. According to Flavell et. al (1968), the ability to assess what another persons capabilities and tendencies in a given situation are, paired with the ability to use this information to communicate more effectively is a skill that is developed with age. The move from intellectual egocentrism to consideration of perspective of others that occurs in childhood is of great importance in which manner a person perceives the self. Mead (1934) argues that for ones selfhood awareness, it is necessary to detach awareness from inside of oneself and use vantage points from another person. So taking the role of other is important in this context, as the concept of self consists of the perception of others. Duval and Wicklunds (1972) theory of objective self-awareness contradicts Meads theory by postulating that self-consciousness occurs because consciousness can focus its attention on the self in the same way that attention is focused on any object. So there is no way an individual is dependent on others point of view as in the sense that Mead intends. If the object-like nature of the self has been discovered, and stimuli in the environment are such that consciousness turns in the direction of the self, the person will become objectively self-aware (Duval Wicklund,p. 31, 1972). In other words, others point of view is not necessary to be self conscious, instead a mature individual has innate consciousness ability to focus in different directions. Duval and Wicklund (1972) define objective self-awareness as the state in which the self is the object of consciousness. On the other hand, subjective self-awareness is the state in which the self is not the focus of consciousness. So it shows the early work of Piaget, Flavell, Duval, and Mead in the current studies on the concept of self-awareness. From business standpoint different feedback techniques are important for manager self awareness. To be truly self aware a manager should not limit his thoughts,feelings to himself rather he should be aware of others standpoint and include this information in self appraisal(Duval Lalwani, 1999). This can be referred to as other-awareness (Figurski, 1987).So one must be first aware of others perspective in order to alter owns perspective and then adopt those in relation to self (Flavell, 1968).So self awareness is a practise to reflects on self and accurately access ones own behaviour and skills as they are visible in workplace interactions (Church, 1997). Many managers use the information they perceive to modify future behavior. Figurski (1987) identified four different kinds of person-awareness which all together will provide clarity to this study. As seen in Figure 1, target, perspective, and content are the three main dimensions of person-awareness.Perspective or tacit awareness (egocentric or allocentric)interacts with the target or focal awareness (self or other) to get content of awareness. Four categories of attention result: self-experience awareness, self image awareness, other-image awareness, and other-experience awareness. These can occur together in any combination or simultaneously. The allocentric perspective results when one focus on how other perceives them being self is the target. When others are the target, one is concern about how others feel. So it important to considers others internal experience before adopting their perspective. Therefore objective self-awareness is dependent upon the consideration of others experiences. Problems may arise for those who fail to integrate information from the egocentric and allocentric perspectives. If the others experience are not adequately considered, there will be less understanding between the self and others resulting in less effective communication (Wegner Giuliano, 1982). On the other hand,one who relates others experiences to themselves and integrates that information to perceive self should experience effective communication. The figures with frequency indicate that people are aware of others experiences almost 50% of the time. So self proves to be the dominant focus of attention. Although managers focus on self, they are not able to accurately judge their own behaviours as they may get biased. However, self-ratings are important as there are some characteristics like intelligence, high achievements status and locus of control are closely related to accurate self evaluation Mabe and West(1982). The greater the individuals level of self awareness the more similarity that is expected between the self assessment and the ratings provided by peers. The discrepancy between self- and other-ratings is also unclear. For example, an elevation in self-ratings could be due to lower ratings in others rather than over-estimation by the self. Atwater and Yammarino (1992) sought to determine how self-awareness affects the degree of relationship between leadership behaviour and its predictors, and between leader behaviour and performance outcomes. On comparison of self and other rating it was found that inaccurate self raters who overestimate their performance show poor performance than people who are more accurate self raters. Additionally, their peers rated over-raters lowest than the under-raters. So self-aware individuals appear to be using direct and indirect feedback to modify behaviour. Over-estimators, however, seem to be using this information to confirm or justify their self-misperception of over-achieving. The hypothesis that high performing managers are more self aware was tested using absolute average profile differences (d) as well as relative average item differences across each question. High performers showed significantly lower profile difference scores than average performers. This supports managerial self-awareness theory in that high performers display higher levels of self-awareness than average performers Church(1997). Individuals who are self-aware are more likely to respond to information from past experiences, thereby becoming more effective and displaying more leadership strengths. Individuals perceived by their managers as being high performers will be more self-aware. This can be concluded high performers receive higher congruence in self-other ratings compared to average performing managers. Therefore, there is a correlation between the overall leadership measure and higher congruence scores. If a manager is not self-aware, information on how others perceive the self is of no use. According to the Figurski (1987) model, the allocentric perspective must be utilized in order for one to be aware of how the self is considered by others. Failure to consider the similarity or differences between the self and others results in perspectives that vary. Effective communication is in turn hindered, because the understanding between people is not clear. Conversely, those who communicate effectively are using information gathered from interactions with others. It is therefore expected that managers with higher communication scores will display more congruent performance data (as reflected in self-rater agreement). Individuals tend to focus more on feedback they receive from their managers versus peers or others. Data source (self, manager, peer, and other) is expected to explain variance in self-awareness levels. Managers with emotional awareness are good decision makers. In these changing competitive environments intuitive decision makers can deal with situation with gut feeling and sixth sense. Emotionally aware persons can read their gut feeling and have better sixth sense that help them in decision making process. Jobs that dont suit a persons personality will give more stress than more compatible jobs. This is not like if your qualities are not compatible you cant go ahead with the job but you can put extra effort to develop the skills buy there are other alternative that will be less stressful. Self awareness is very powerful in revealing what is important for a person to improve performance. Understanding psychological needs increase motivation and get closer to the rewards that a person deserves. Understanding what click a person, reason of behaviour, reason of excitement etc can make what triggers others as well. So knowing to motivate yourself can help in know what motivate others. In Summary To perfect ones management skills the best way to start is getting self aware. With a sense of yourself and vision of what kind a person you are or what you want to become a plan of personal and professional development can be created, its helps to motivate a person, Help to manage stress and help in decision making and helps to lead and motivate others, which makes an effective leader. Knowing yourself is a slow process so we should try hard.

Social Constructionism and the Message of Feminism Essay -- Sociology

In this essay I will define social constructionism and how the theories of social construction altered feminism’s message during its second wave. The second wave of the feminist movement started during the 1950’s and is thought to have ended with the failure of the equal rights amendment. The amendment was only three votes shy of being ratified. Prior to this era the first wave of feminism seem to focus mainly on suffrage, a women right to vote and own property. During the second wave era, feminist incorporated the theories of social construction in their message. Social construction is the theory based on the idea that things that are present in our society were created by said society. As it relates to the message of second wave feminism, the biological factors of gender, physical traits, genitalia, hormones and the like, do not determine behaviors, gender roles, social status, and male superiority. Our society forms these conventions. Women during the years before the second wave were being coaxed back into the home. To quote Betty Friedan, â€Å"They were taught to pity the...

Diversity in UK universities as a result of Globalization Essay

interconnected both economically and culturally. Globalization is actually the process of economic, technological, political and socio-cultural forces i. e. globalization refers to the adaptation or development of values, knowledge, technology and behavioral norms across different societies and countries around the world. The characteristics of globalization are mostly linked with global networking (i. e. internet, electronic communication or technology etc. ) with interflow of information in the economic, social, political and cultural learning areas, interflow between international alliances and competitors, international collaboration and multi-cultural integration and global village and technology. There are four dimensions to globalization and they are 1) Building the global economy, 2) Formation of world opinion, 3) Democratization, or the creation of a global community and 4) The emergence of global political institutions. (Globalization) The positive effects of globalization in any economy is that, it has opened a broader concept of communication throughout the world, it helps on bringing in investment in a country, with the help of globalization people and companies now have access to different products of various countries, there is a consistent flow of capital and cash in the developing countries, there is also an increase in the production sector of the companies due to demand for their products worldwide. The governments around the world are trying to solve ecological problems with the help of globalization. The people are becoming more social and open towards each other and more importantly there has been an increased development in the area of technology, which has caused a reduction in the brain drain for example, the people of Asia are now working in the own countries but for foreign companies (rather than going abroad for work), these people are making foreign exchange for their respective countries. There is also an increase in the flow of communication within the world; the global market has the freedom to exchange goods and capital. Another positive effect of globalization is that there is an increased competition between the companies to lower prices which will benefit the end consumer. Globalization provides increased media coverage. Due to globalization the environmental issues can be solved with discussions. Another positive effect of globalization is that there are free trade zones and the countries have to pay less tariffs and quotas. Another effect of globalization is that international justice systems and courts have been launched and worldwide financial markets have been created as well. And let’s not forget immigration between the countries have increased tenfold. (Advantages of globalization, 2007) Globalization not only has advantages but there are some disadvantages to it also. The first disadvantage of globalization is that local companies are now been taken over by the foreign multinational companies. Due to globalization there is an increase in human trafficking, another disadvantage is that the benefits of globalization are not universal which means that the developed countries are becoming richer day by day and the developing countries are not advancing quickly and the poor countries are becoming poorer as the time increases. Another negative effect of globalization is that there has been exploitation of labor worldwide and the developed countries have started to outsource manufacturing and white collar jobs, which means that the number of jobs has decreased. And let’s not forget due to globalization the prices keep on increasing because the governments do not have the ability to maintain social welfare schemes within the countries. And last but not least due to globalization, terrorists can now obtain sophisticated weapons very easily for mass destruction. (Pros and Cons of Globalization) Different types of globalization As we know that globalization is the process of economic, technological, political and socio-cultural forces. There are different kinds of dimensions to globalization. And they are as follows:- †¢ Economic †¢ Sociology †¢ Anthropology †¢ Psychology †¢ Cultural †¢ Communication †¢ Political †¢ Geographic Economic Globalization: economic globalization can be defined as speeding up of the inter-connectedness between all the aspects. Economic globalization links the livelihood to the production of goods and services. The creation of global marketplace was done with the help of economic globalization. Economic globalization mostly depends on the positive and negative phenomenon. Recently with the help of economic globalization the developed countries like UK are integrating with the developing countries like India through foreign investment, it helps with reducing the trade barriers and by westernizing their cultures. (Economic Globalization) Political Globalization: political globalization can be defined as the emergence of a world government (like World Bank and IMF), which helps in regulating the relationship between the governments. With the help of globalization the developed country can enjoy a strong and healthy economy for example, USA. USA enjoys being the world power and having a strong and a wealthy economy and growth due to globalization. Geographical Globalization: geographical globalization actually means that with the help of globalization the geographical distances are reduced. As we know that distance is measured in time therefore distance usually goes through compression or annihilation when talking about geographical globalization. With the help of globalization information is able to reach to remote locations of the world. Cultural Globalization: cultural globalization can be defined as the transmission of culture worldwide. The transmission is done by the movement of people, objects, symbols and signs. The things that are considered important in cultural globalization are communication and transportation. The global culture markets are mostly driven by technology and these markets are mostly dominated by UK, US, Japanese and Chinese companies. Radio and music industry is considered to be the best way of communicating with the world; it is the major source of communication in the developing countries like India. Music is considered to be highly compatible with globalization because it does not have the need to be translated. Cinema and television are also considered one of the important ways for communicating worldwide. Psychology of Globalization: it is now being argued that these days’ people worldwide, with the help of globalization are now developing bicultural identity, which is a combination of local identity and global culture. That kind of identity creates confusion among the youth of non-westernized cultures. The effect of globalization is that it has created identity issues that is there are some people who themselves select their own culture which separates them from the global culture.

10 Research Essay Topics on Applied Anthropology

10 Research Essay Topics on Applied Anthropology If you are writing a research essay on applied anthropology, there are many great facts that you can use to help your work. Below you will find a short list of helpful facts on applied anthropology: Applied anthropology requires individuals to use research and data methods and tools to solve current issues in the world. This field applies the study of human beings in terms of biology, language, culture, and behaviors so as to better understand each variant. Individuals in this field have to use ethnography, observation and data collection to better understand another culture or person. Through the presentation of anthropological information, one person can review and observe the differences, comparisons, and evolutionary information pertaining to another person or another group. From that they are able to garner a more holistic ideology or viewpoint about humans. Those who work professionally in this field work under the Society for Applied Anthropology which defines the field as one where scientific investigation is used to better understand and relate groups of humans to one another. Through that study those working in the field are encouraged to apply principles of each group of people to help them deal with practical problems. Having an interpreter who fills the position directly above the doctor in a medical facility will allow the doctor to gain better results with many East Asian cultures. The interpreter in this scenario functions as a cultural leader as well, helping to define not only phrases but practices by the doctor toward the physician. With the Hmong people, the father or grandfather fills the seat of highest respect and each person in the family has a rank, but given that the youngest, second generate daughters are often the ones who speak the most English, doctors tend to make the mistake of addressing them directly so that they can translate. This is seen as insulting to the highest level as the doctor speaks to the person in the family with the lowest social standing and ignores the person with the highest. Having interpreters around who can function as cultural liaisons can mitigate this risk. Ethnology is a subfield which focuses on the study of the culture. Biology or physical study is another subfield which focuses on the biological or physical differences among people. Archeology is a third subfield which focuses on the study of archeological sites and findings, often in relation to groups of people who are no longer living or who have migrated throughout the centuries. The final subfield is that of linguistics which focuses on the linguistic changes between different groups of people. This final subfield can be used to track the linguistic changes over time in different communities and countries, tracing the influence that another group might have had. This can reveal the migration patterns or the trade expansion of one group to others. Different African communities along a well-known trade highway might each exhibit a few Arabic words, which imply that they had trade with Arabic people who clearly took that road to travel to the African communities. The application of anthropology will generally use all four subfields if possible to help businesses, corporations, and governments provide perspectives that are not naturally found in those fields. The human data brought by an anthropologist to law enforcement, or the creation of public policy, or even western medicine can develop a view of what things could have been, what things are, and how to advance communication and understanding between them. The Hmong people, for example, had issues with the law during the 1990’s because they would not administer medications to their children the way the hospital prescribed. However, explaining the laws does not always come easily especially when the belief systems of the Hmong interfere with any ability to find a correct translation. If a child was intubated and needed to be fed through the tube, the parents might not understand the risk of asphyxiation and instead think that the doctors are trying to harm the child. Even with the he lp of a remedial translator, there are not words in the Hmong language for many of the medicinal and health problems or solutions in Western medicine due to the fact that the Hmong only have one main type of ailment, which is when a bad soul or dab has interfered with that person. This is where applied anthropologists would take their knowledge of the Hmong beliefs and language and then create a middle ground for educating them about western medicine requirements. Anthropologists today are hired as cultural brokers, to help mediate government negotiations or business deals or even regular medical exchanges as mentioned above between two cultures. They are often the person who will explain how a CEO, for example, should dress before meeting with a new client in another country, as well as who to address first, how to address them, when to sit/stand and where, whether or not to bring a gift and if so what type of gift, what should be printed on the business card, etc†¦ Other roles fulfilled include working as a program developer for administrative goals, researching specific goals for companies or organizations working in other countries or with other cultures, and fulfilling corporate employee tasks. The study of the human race is broken down into three key components. The first component is a holistic one, the second is the analysis of the cultural and the biological development of humans, and the third is the evolution of all things such as cultures, language, and biology. The first component analyzed cultural and biological development in a holistic fashion, more broad in function. The second component can examine differences between various cultural groups to showcase the internal or external differences. But another application is to look over the internal and external differences between members of the same group. The third component is one which helps anthropologists to see how humans have changed and adapted over time. The comprehension of how other groups function and interact with one another, helps groups of people to see what they have in common with diverse groups. It also helps people understand how culture and humans influence other cultures and how they can change the environment in which they live. These are great and helpful facts that can be used in research essay writing on applied anthropology in real life. You can also make use of suggested topics on this sphere of studies and consult the writing guidelines on research essays. Use everything you can to produce an excellent paper! References: Eddy, Elizabeth M., and William L. Partridge.  Applied anthropology in America. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978. Ervin, Alexander M.  Applied anthropology: tools and perspectives for contemporary practice. Allyn Bacon, 2005. Foster, George McClelland.  Applied anthropology. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969. POLICY, TOWARDS AN ANTHROPOLOGY OF. A new field of anthropology.  Anthropology of Policy: Perspectives on Governance and Power  (1997): 1. Shackel, Paul A., and Erve Chambers.  Places in mind: Public archaeology as applied anthropology. Psychology Press, 2004. Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. Three propositions for a critically applied medical anthropology.  Social Science Medicine  30.2 (1990): 189-197. Van Willigen, John.  Applied anthropology: an introduction. Greenwood Publishing group, 2002.

Global forces and Western European brewing Industry

Global forces and Western European brewing Industry PESTEL analysis of Western European Brewing Industry Political factors Unfavorable attitude of European governments toward beer and alcoholic beverages, in general. These products are regarded as demerit goods which means that their consumption has to be restricted. This results in numerous legal regulations on the advertisement, marketing, and production of such products1. Economic factors The decrease in consumption of beer. In many European countries such as Belgium, Denmark, Norway, France, and the United Kingdom bear consumption level dropped significantly within the period between 2000 and 2007. Merges in the industry due to global pressure of consolidation. Economic recession in Europe and the United States2. Social factors Growing concern about the dangers of alcohol consumption. The changes in the buying behaviors of consumers, especially the growing popularity of wines3. Increasing demand for alcohol-free beer. Low birth rates in European countries4 and increase of pop ulation In Asian countries and India. Technological factors The development of new technologies which can facilitate the production and storage of beer. For instance, one can mention those technologies that improve beer recovery process or filtration5. Environmental factors The demands to make brewing process more eco-friendly, for example, we can speak about the necessity to reduce the discharge of chemicals6. The necessity to develop an alternative to conventional bottles or aluminum. cans. The main purpose is to make beer containers more recyclable. At the given moment, the influence of these environmental factors is not very strong but this issue can become much more urgent within the next two decades. Legal factors Stronger enforcement of laws prohibiting underage consumption of alcohol. For instance, one can mention such plan â€Å"Think 21† which is aimed at reducing the availability of alcoholic beverages to adolescents7. Similar laws and restrictions are impose d throughout Europe and the United States. Tight governmental control over the production of beer. Porter’s Five Forces The threat of new entrants Currently entry barriers are very high because brewing industry becomes more consolidated, and the majority of the companies operating in this market are economies of scale.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global forces and Western European brewing Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the data, presented in the case study there are ten international brewing companies which control more than 30 percent of global market share8. These corporations can pursue cost-leader policies, and new-comers will find it difficult to compete with them. Therefore, the threat of new entrants is not significant. The threat of substitute products Wine and some non-alcoholic beverages can be viewed as substitute products; however, drinking beer is rooted in the tradit ions of many countries and it is important from social point of view. This is why it is rather unlikely that this beverage will lose its popularity. Hence, the threat is more or less moderate. The power of suppliers The main suppliers of brewing companies are the packaging manufacturers and agricultural sector. Each of these industries is highly concentrated, for instance, there are only three can producers in the UK9, and breweries dictate their terms to them. The same thing can be said about the suppliers of barley or grains. Thus, the power of suppliers is relative strong. The bargaining power of customers The main buyers are supermarket chains such as Tesco or Carrefour. Brewing companies sell them approximately 67 percent of their products10. Thus, these customers are very important to breweries and they can make concessions to them, especially if we are speaking about the price. Thus, the power of customers is very strong and it can become even stronger. The Intensity of compe tition The industry is very concentrated and the competition between companies is very intense. In 2009, ten brewing companies produced more than 60 percent of global beer volume11. Under such circumstanced competitive advantages can be gained by introducing new products such as fruit-flavored beer.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Discussion PESTEL analysis and the study of Porter’s Five Forces indicate that brewing companies must be aware of the following challenges. Legal and social factors will produce the most adverse effects on this industry. These companies should remember about changing lifestyles and increasing awareness about the dangers of alcohol consumption. The same thing can be said about legal restriction on the marketing of beer. This is why they need to emphasize the healthfulness of their products. They must prove that beer should not be vi ewed by the governments as alcoholic beverage and a demerit good. In the future, they may have to increase the production of alcohol-free beer. Secondly, they should explore new markets for their products, especially in such countries as China or India. The thing is that the consumption of beer in Europe can decline even more due to the decrease of population in this region. Finally, these companies should develop their own distribution networks in order to diminish their dependence on super or hypermarkets. At this point, they are the main customers of brewing companies. The impacts of global forces on specific companies Anheuser- Busch InBev The products of Anheuser- Busch InBev are well-positioned in the markets of different counties. This company possesses such famous brands as Stella Artois, Beck’s or Budweiser. Its main strengths are well-developed supply chain and close cooperation between various divisions 12. This company ensures that the best practices are quickly s hared across different breweries. However, it has some weaknesses as well. They have to manage more than 300 brands and this is quite a challenging task. Secondly, the legal status of this corporation is not secure since in many countries is viewed as monopoly. Greene King The main strength of Greene King is that it has its distribution network. This company runs more than 200013 pubs across the UK. Hence, they are less dependent on hypermarkets. Moreover, many British customers feel strong affiliation to this brand. However, there are several significant weaknesses.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global forces and Western European brewing Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, this company has not fully explored international markets and in the future they can suffer losses due to the decline of beer consumption in the UK. Additionally, in the recent year public image of this company suffered significant ly, because it is accused of monopolizing the UK market and closing many local breweries. Tsingtao The key strength of this company is that it is very well-posited in China, one of the largest markets in the world. Furthermore, this company has successfully entered European and American markets. The main weaknesses of this organization are more related to its external environment. Tsingtao operates in a very regulated market and it can be controlled by the Chinese government. Finally, some of its brands are not familiar to European customers. Reference List Blee M R. Whittington. â€Å"Global forces and the Western European Brewing Industry†. In G. Johnson (ed.), Exploring Strategy, 9th edn, Pearson Education, New York, 2008, pp. 1-3. Bereridge F S. Velutti. Gender and the open method of coordination: perspectives on law, governance and equality in the EU, Ashgate Publishing, New York, 2008. Moens, G. J. Trone, Commercial law of the European Union, Springer, London, 2010. Porter. M. On competition. Harvard Business Press, Cambridge, 2008.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Proctor A. Alternatives to Conventional Food Processing, Royal Society of Chemistry, London. 2011. Lewis M. Bamforth C. Essays in brewing science, Springer, London, 2006. The Department of Health. Youth Alcohol Action Plan, Home Office, London, 2008. Footnotes 1 Moens, G. J. Trone, Commercial law of the European Union, Springer, London, 2010, p. 62 2 Blee M R. Whittington. â€Å"Global forces and the Western European Brewing Industry†. In G. Johnson (ed.), Exploring Strategy, 9th edn, Pearson Education, New York, 2008, p 2. 3 Blee M R. Whittington, p 1 4 Bereridge F S. Velutti. Gender and the open method of coordination: perspectives on law, governance and equality in the EU, Ashgate Publishing, New York, 2008. 5 Proctor A. Alternatives to Conventional Food Processing, Royal Society of Chemistry, London. 2011, p 237 6 Lewis M. Bamforth C. Essays in brewing science, Springer, London, 2006, p 170. 7 The Department of Health. Youth Alcohol Action Plan, Home Office, London, 2008, p. 16. 8 Blee M R. Whittington, p 2 9 Blee M R. Whittington, p 2 10 Ibid, p 2 11 Blee M R. Whittington, p 2 12 Blee M R. Whittington, p 3 13 Blee M R. Whittington, p 3

Academic Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Academic Success - Essay Example 1). To be successful, extreme effort needs to be applied to reach one’s goals. Purpose, responsibility, hard work all lead to success. Students who apply these principles have a greater chance of achieving success. Students need to have a purpose to be successful. Personal and professional goals need to be accurately identified to ensure educational success. At the onset, students should have a deep and genuine desire for growth and development. The identified goals should be specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and within an identified time frame. Then, strategies must be appropriately designed towards attaining these goals. Being truly dedicated, motivated, and focused are the characteristics that students need to fulfill the educational endeavor that they desire. Organization and personal responsibility should be taken seriously. Students need to undergo personal assessments to be true to themselves regarding assuming the needed personal responsibility. Challenges must be anticipated and addressed by working hard and accepting the outcome; especially for situations that are beyond one’s control. Students should be prepared to accept the results of academic efforts; or be able to immediately address imminent weaknesses through improvements and application of academic strategies that would assist in enhancing performance. Practicing the principles of observing personal responsibility require personal discipline. The principles necessitate exhibiting dedication to achieve defined goals; organizing and prioritizing academic endeavors; earmarking continuous educational growth; applying time management skills; as well as sustaining a focused and well-motivated perspective without being frustrated in tough times. As assuming personal responsibility requires the implementation of a carefully designed plan of action, students need to acquaint themselves on the development of planning strategies and incorporate factors that would assist

Characteristics of Servant Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Characteristics of Servant Leadership - Essay Example There are distinctly identified characteristics of servant leaders which influence the behavior of individuals, groups and organizations as they make a profound impact to the society in general. This essay would identify two servant leadership characteristics and proffer how these characteristics are used along with collaboration to influence various individuals and groups. In addition, the areas that leaders could focus on, personally, and through their organizations, would be identified to make an impact and improve society. Larry C. Spears, Chief Executive Officer of The Greenleaf Center for Servant-Leadership, has identified ten (10) characteristics of effective, caring leaders. Spears (2006, 2) averred that â€Å"servant-leadership seeks to involve others in decision making, is strongly based in ethical and caring behavior, and it enhances the personal growth of workers while improving the caring and quality of organizational life.† Thereby, he identified the ten characteristics of servant leaders as skills in (1) listening, (2) empathy, (3) healing, (4) awareness, (5) persuasion, (6) conceptualization, (7) foresight, (8) stewardship, (9) commitment to the growth of people, and (10) building community. These characteristics were confirmed in another discourse written by De Graaf, Tilley & Neal (2001, 1) A servant leader characteristic that is critical and relevant in influencing individual members, groups, organizations as they move to impact society in general, is efficient and effective listening skills. A servant leader has genuine interest to determine the needs, feelings, will, and messages of his followers through intent listening. Through listening, the servant leader determines and absorbs the innermost thoughts of his constituents. Since his objective is to solicit active involvement and participation of his followers in decision making processes, listening enables the servant leader to collect inputs from his followers