Ipso, Meso, and Peri Substitutions in Organic Chemistry

The prefixes ipso-, meso-, and peri- describe ring substitutions in organic chemistry. They are part of the IUPAC nomenclature used to specify the position of any non-hydrogen substituents in an aromatic hydrocarbon. Ipso Substitution The ipso- prefix is used when  two substituents share  the same ring position in an intermediate compound. This could occur  in an  electrophilic aromatic ring substitution. Meso Substitution The meso- prefix is used when  substituents occupy a  benzylic  position when the  first carbon covalently bonds  adjacent to a benzene or other  aromatic  ring. It is seen in acridines and calixarenes. PeriSubstitution The peri- prefix is used to describe substituents at the 1 and 8 positions. It is seen specifically in naphthalenes. In addition to ipso, meta, and peri, there are two other ring substitution patterns you may encounter. There is the ortho, meta, and para substitution and the cine and tele substitution. Cine and Tele Substitution In the cine- substitution, the entering group is positioned adjacent to the one that was occupied by the leaving group. This is seen in aryne chemistry. In the tele- substitution, the new position of the entering group is more than one atom further away on the aromatic ring.

Essay on The Relevance of Philosophy in Every Day Life

The entire world does not exist; everything people knew was not real, and humans are nothing but an electromagnetic pulse. In other words, we might be living in a mind of another superior, and practically do not necessarily exist. It is metaphysics, a branch of philosophy that people ponder upon. As obscure it might seem, philosophy does apply to everyday practical life and it does not only deal with existential queries. Philosophies’ relevance to life can be seen in many aspects, from our general everyday knowledge, to the questions of right and wrong, and even stemming to the whole structure of society itself. Humans are naturally curious; for thousands of years, people ponder over reasons such as the common question, â€Å"Why are things†¦show more content†¦Ethics gives life value and happiness for man to live. Happiness, as Aristotle claims, is achievable by man using â€Å"all his abilities and capabilities† (115). He divides happiness into three components: pleasure, freedom, and knowledge. Humans hold virtues in high regard such as liberty, the right to happiness, independence, to exercise free will, prudence, the act of being wise, and others such as productivity, honesty, pride, and integrity. People hold certain virtues closer than others since an individual’s ethic constitutes their own interpretation for happiness resulting in multitudes of definitions. Ethics are essential to any human being separating them into individuals and because humans act ethical based on their own principles, philosophy is expressed every day. Mankind begins to congregate into a more functional society as humans become more knowledgeable and develop their own principles. Aristotle is correct when he criticize man as a â€Å"political animal† that it was absolutely necessary to convene into groups for any success. However, each individual has his own perspective and interest therefore there will be conflict within society. Citizens are influenced by the government as they create regulations and restrictions on the people to remedy these problems, hence political philosophy. Aristotle endorsed three forms of government which are monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy; all are different functional examplesShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Philosophy Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Philosophy ‘Philosophy is to be studied, not for the sake of any definite answers to its questions, since no definite answers can, as a rule, be known to be true, but rather for the sake of the questions themselves.’ (Bertrand Russell, Problem of Philosophy, pp. 93-94). Discuss the usefulness (or the lack of it) of studying philosophy with referenceRead More My Philosophy of Teaching Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pages My Philosophy of Teaching Teaching is the most rewarding and self-fulfilling career that I could imagine myself doing. The satisfaction that is received when watching a child’s eyes light up when they have comprehended and understood the topics that I have been teaching is a feeling of great achievement. Teaching children to become productive adults helps the foundation of our society. Today’s children are tomorrow’s adults. I want to help society the best way that I know how. I want to be aRead MoreThe Ethical Issue Of Physician Assisted Suicide1580 Words   |  7 PagesIn Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle establishes that â€Å"every art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good and for this reason the good has rightly been declared to be that at which all things aim† and explains this through the dialectic of disposition, particularly between vice and virtue. In chapter four, Aristotle affirms that since â€Å"all knowledge and every pursuit aims at some good†, we inherently seek the highest form which is known to both the massesRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr.1410 Words   |  6 Pagesminister and had a degree in Theology and Divinity2. Since he had such an active and stellar political career, his political and social beliefs and his achievements in those areas have received a lot more attention than his religious beliefs and philosophies that he conformed to. In this article an attempt is made to highlight his religious contributions to the American theology. Martin Luther King was born on 15th January in the year 1929 in the rural parts of the state of Georgia2. His family wasRead MoreThe Enlightenment Paradigm Shift Within The Era1628 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophical theories. The ages after the Enlightenment were certainly affected, so much so that, to a significant extent, the paradigm shift within the Enlightenment era still influences our thinking today with both societal and intellectual relevance. To understand why the Enlightenment movement was so influential for both its own time period and today’s society, an analysis of the periods that came before it is required. Total state domination ruled the Ancient period (29CE), as ChristianityRead MoreExplain Finnis’ Natural Law Theory Essay757 Words   |  4 Pagesmarks) John Finnis, an Australian legal philosopher has tried to resurrect the natural law tradition in moral philosophy and law since the mid-1960s. He tries to offer a neo-Aquinian natural law philosophy which does not presuppose a divine being. By focusing attention on goods rather than a single Good, Finnis skilfully articulates what he calls a theory of moral action for our day. Or, in other words, he seeks a theory of how to live well. Finnis identifies a number of equally valuable basicRead MorePersonal Philosophy : Philosophy And Philosophy1318 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Philosophy Paper Introduction For the purpose of the paper, famous philosophies and a personal nursing philosophy is presented, including the personal definitions of the four phenomena of nursing namely person, environment, health, and nursing. The said philosophy will then be compared to other professionally-acclaimed philosophies. Included in the discussion is the importance of a nurse’s role in providing health care to persons, family, and the society and how it is able to address problemsRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education : My Worldview1192 Words   |  5 Pages My philosophy of education is very much a reflection of my worldview. Although I wrote my philosophy of education over a year ago, I never had to write or even think about my worldview. When I started my Christian Worldview class and was introduced to what a worldview was. I had to think long and hard about my worldview and what is important to me, what influences me in the way I live, and how I look at life. This would come together as my worldview. My worldview impacts everything I do inRead MoreMy Personal Educational Philosophy Essay866 Words   |  4 Pages Educational Philosophy Essay My personal educational philosophy is a combination of perennialism and essentialism, which leaves me uniquely well-armed to teach my subject of choice: History. History, viewed as a whole, is a monument to the achievements of Man. It is unchanging, though new aspects may be found or brought to light, and it can be viewed from many angles, it is an unchanging truth that what happened, has indeed happened. Through a thorough and guided exploration of this subject, studentsRead MoreLiterature Review: Work Safety and Total Quality Management (TQM)1434 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship between the assurance of workplace safety and an encompassing management strategy. In accordance with the literature incorporated into the present review, this encompassing management strategy is Total Quality Management (TQM), the relevance of which will also occupy an important part of this review. La Duke (2010) provides our discussion with a primary document regarding the correlation between the Total Quality Management model of organizational orientation and the assurance of

Growth of Insurance Industry Post Liberalisation Free Essays

string(131) " up of a strong and effective regulatory body with independent source for financing before allowing private companies into sector\." GROWTH OF INSURANCE INDUSTRY – POST LIBERALIZATION INTRODUCTION : The journey of insurance liberalization process in India is now several years old. The first major milestone in this journey has been the passing of Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999. This along with amendments to the Insurance Act 1983, LIC and GIC Acts paves the way for the entry of private players and possibly the privatization of the hitherto public monopolies LIC and GIC. We will write a custom essay sample on Growth of Insurance Industry Post Liberalisation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Opening up of insurance to private sector including foreign participation has resulted into various opportunities and challenges. CONCEPT OF INSURANCE : In our daily life, whenever there is uncertainly there is an involvement of risk. The instinct of security against such risk is one of the basic motivating forces for determining human attitudes. As a sequel to this quest for security, the concept of insurance must have been born. The urge to provide insurance or protection against the loss of life and property must have promoted people to make some sort of sacrifice willingly in order to achieve security through collective co-operation. In this sense, the story of insurance is probably as old as the story of mankind. LIFE INSURANCE : n particular provides protection to household against the risk of premature death of its income earning member. Life insurance in modern times also provides protection against other life related risks such as that of longevity (i. e. risk of outliving of source of income) and risk of disabled and sickness (health insurance). The products provide for longevity are pensions and annu ities (insurance against old age). Non-life insurance provides protection against accidents, property damage, theft and other liabilities. Non-life insurance contracts are typically shorter in duration as compared to life insurance contracts. The bundling together of risk coverage and saving is peculiar of life insurance. Life insurance provides both protection and investment. Insurance is a boon to business concerns. Insurance provides short range and long range relief. The short-term relief is aimed at protecting the insured from loss of property and life by distributing the loss amongst large number of persons through the medium of professional risk bearers such as insurers. It enables a businessman to face an unforeseen loss and, therefore, he need not worry about the possible loss. The long-range object being the economic and industrial growth of the country by making an investment of huge funds available with insurers in the organized industry and commerce. GENERAL INSURANCE : Prior to nationalizations of General insurance industry in 1973 the GIC Act was passed in the Parliament in 1971, but it came into effect in 1973. There was 107 General insurance companies including branches of foreign companies operating in the country upon nationalization, these companies were amalgamated and grouped into the following four subsidiaries of GIC such as National Insurance Co. Ltd. , Calcutta; The New India Assurance Co. Ltd. , Mumbai; The Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd. , New Delhi and United India Insurance Co. Ltd. , Chennai and Now delinked. General insurance business in India is broadly divided into fire, marine and miscellaneous GIC apart from directly handling Aviation and Reinsurance business administers the Comprehensive Crop Insurance Scheme, Personal Accident Insurance, Social Security Scheme etc. The GIC and its subsidiaries in keeping with the objective of nationalization to spread the message of insurance far and wide and to provide insurance protection to weaker section of the society are making efforts to design new covers and also to popularize other non-traditional business. LIBERALIZATION OF INSURANCE : The comprehensive regulation of insurance business in India was brought into effect with the enactment of the Insurance Act, 1983. It tried to create a strong and powerful supervision and regulatory authority in the Controller of Insurance with powers to direct, advise, investigate, register and liquidate insurance companies etc. However, consequent upon the nationalization of insurance business, most of the regulatory functions were taken away from the Controller of Insurance and vested in the insurers themselves. The Government of India in 1993 had set up a high powered committee by R. N. Malhotra, former Governor, Reserve Bank of India, to examine the structure of the insurance industry and recommend changes to ake it more efficient and competitive keeping in view the structural changes in other parts of the financial system on the country. Malhotra Committee’s Recommendations The committee submitted its report in January 1994 recommending that private insurers be allowed to co-exist along with government companies like LIC and GIC companies. This recommendation had been prompted by several factors suc h as need for greater deeper insurance coverage in the economy, and a much a greater scale of mobilization of funds from the economy, and a much a greater scale of mobilization of funds from the economy for infrastructural development. Liberalization of the insurance sector is at least partly driven by fiscal necessity of tapping the big reserve of savings in the economy. Committee’s recommendations were as follows: †¢ Raising the capital base of LIC and GIC up to Rs. 200 crores, half retained by the government and rest sold to the public at large with suitable reservations for its employees. †¢ Private sector is granted to enter insurance industry with a minimum paid up capital of Rs. 100 crores. †¢ Foreign insurance be allowed to enter by floating an Indian company preferably a joint venture with Indian partners. Steps are initiated to set up a strong and effective insurance regulatory in the form of a statutory autonomous board on the lines of SEBI. †¢ Limited number of private companies to be allowed in the sector. But no firm is allowed in the sector. But no firm is allowed to operate in both lines of insurance (life or non-life). †¢ Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC) is delinked f orm GIC to function as a separate statuary body under necessary supervision by the insurance regulatory authority. †¢All insurance companies be treated on equal footing and governed by the provisions of insurance Act. No special dispensation is given to government companies. †¢Setting up of a strong and effective regulatory body with independent source for financing before allowing private companies into sector. You read "Growth of Insurance Industry Post Liberalisation" in category "Industry" COMPETITION TO GOVERNMENT SECTOR: Government companies have now to face competition to private sector insurance companies not only in issuing various range of insurance products but also in various aspects in terms of customer service, channels of distribution, effective techniques of selling the products etc. privatization of the insurance sector has opened the doors to innovations in the way business can be transacted. New age insurance companies are embarking on new concepts and more cost effective way of transacting business. The idea is clear to cater to the maximum business at the lest cost. And slowly with time, the age-old norm prevalent with government companies to expand by setting up branches seems getting lost. Among the techniques that seem to catching up fast as an alternative to cater to the rural and social sector insurance is hub and spoke arrangement. These along with the participants of NGOs and Self Help Group (SHGs) have done with most of the selling of the rural and social sector policies. The main challenges is from the commercial banks that have vast network of branches. In this regard, it is important to mention here that LIC has entered into an arrangement with Mangalore based Corporations Bank to leverage their infrastructure for mutual benefit with the insurance monolith acquiring a strategic stake 27 per cent, Corporation Bank has decided to abandon its plans of promoting a life insurance company. The bank will act as a corporate agent for LIC in future and receive commission on policies sold through its branches. LIC with its branch network of close to 2100 offices will allow Corporation Bank to set up extension centers. ATMs or branches with in its premises. Corporation Bank would in turn implement an effective Cash Flow Management System for LIC. IRDA Act, 1999 Preamble of IRDA Act 1999 reads ‘An Act to provide for the establishment of an authority to protect the interests of holders of insurance policies, to regulate, to promote and ensure orderly growth of the insurance industry and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. Section 14 of IRDA Act, lays the duties, powers and functions of the authority. The powers and functions of the authority. The powers and functions of the Authority shall include the following. †¢ Issue to the applicant a certificate of registration, to renew, modify withdraw, suspend or cancel such registration. †¢ To protect the interest of policy holders in all matters concerning nomination of policy, surrender value f policy, insurable interest, settlement of insurance claims, other terms and conditions of contract of insurance. †¢ Specifying requisite qualification and practical training for insurance intermediates and agents. Specifying code of conduct for surveyors and loss assessors. †¢ Promoting efficiency in the conduct of insurance business †¢ Promoting and regulating professional regulators connected with the insurance and reinsurance business. †¢ Specifying the form and manner in which books of accounts will be maintained and statement of accounts rendered by insurers and insurance intermediaries. †¢ Adjudication o f disputes between insurers and intermediates. †¢ Specifying the percentage of life insurance and general and general business to be undertaken by the insurers in rural or social sectors etc. Section 25 provides that Insurance Advisory Committee will be constituted and shall consist of not more than 25 members. Section 26 provides that Authority may in consultation with Insurance Advisory Committee make regulations consists with this Act and the rules made there under to carry the purpose of this Act. Section 29 seeks amendment in certain provisions of Insurance Act, 1938 in the manner as set out in First Schedule. The amendments to the Insurance Act are consequential in order to empower IRDA to effectively regulate, promote, and ensure orderly growth of the Insurance industry. Section 30 31seek to amend LIC Act 1956 and GIC Act 1972. IMPACT OF LIBERALIZATION While nationalized insurance companies have done a commendable job in extending volume of the business opening up of insurance sector to private players was a necessity in the context of liberalization of financial sector. If traditional infrastructural and semipublic goods industries such as banking, airlines, telecom, power etc. have significant private sector presence, continuing state monopoly in provision of insurance was indefensible and therefore, the privatization of insurance has been done as discussed earlier. Its impact has to be seen in the form of creating various opportunities and challenges. Opportunities 1. Privatization if Insurance was eliminated the monopolistic business of Life Insurance Corporation of India. It may help to cover the wide range of risk in general insurance and also in life insurance. It helps to introduce new range of products. 2. It would also result in better customer services and help improve the variety and price of insurance products. 3. The entry of new player would speed up the spread of both life and general insurance. It will increase the insurance penetration and measure of density. 4. Entry of private players will ensure the mobilization of funds that can be utilized for the purpose of infrastructure development. 5. Allowing of commercial banks into insurance business will help to mobilization of funds from the rural areas because of the availability of vast branches of the banks. 6. Most important not the least tremendous employment opportunities will be created in the field of insurance which is a burning problem of the presence day today issues. CURRENT SCENARIO : After opening up of insurance in private sector, various leading private companies including joint ventures have entered the fields of insurance both life and non-life business. Tata – AIG, Birla Sun life, HDFC standard life Insurance, Reliance General Insurance, Royal Sundaram Alliance Insurance, Bajaj Auto Alliance, IFFCO Tokio General Insurance, INA Vysya Life Insurance, SBI Life Insurance, Dabur CJU Life Insurance and Max New York Life. SBI Life insurance has launched three products Sanjeevan, Sukhjeevan and Young Sanjeevan so far and it has already sold 320 policies under its plan. CONCLUSION : From the above discussion we can conclude that the entry of private players in insurance business is needful and justifiable in order to enhance the efficiency of operations, achieving greater density and insurance coverage in the country and for a greater mobilization of long term savings for long gestation infrastructure prefects. New players should not be treated as rivalries to government companies, but they can supplement in achieving the objective of growth of insurance business in india. THE GROWTH OF INSURANCE INDUSTRY – POST LIBERALIZATION Prepared by :ashish How to cite Growth of Insurance Industry Post Liberalisation, Essays

The Virgin and the Gypsy free essay sample

A Critical Analysis of International Slavery Agreements and Concepts of Slavery. Human Rights Review 2. 2 (2001): 18-45. Proudest. Web. 19 Par. 2013 Slavery has always existed but the form and the definitions have made it change. There have been many controversial arguments on defining what slavery is and who should be punished. There are arguments on what practices should be considered as slavery and how should they be penalized.It would be helpful to advance an International improvise on what practices constitute slavery. According to no One Shall be Held In Slavery Or Servitude: A Critical Analysis of International Slavery Agreements and Concepts of Slavery. Slavery as defined In the International Instruments must, therefore, be reviewed In an effort to Identify and clarify the categories of practices Included within Its current definition. United Nations: Slavery Needs to be Eradicated, Says UN Chief. Asia News Monolayer 01 2010. Proudest. Web. 19 Par. 2013 . Slavery is developing in new methods, including debt oppression and human raffling, also the sale of children. We will write a custom essay sample on The Virgin and the Gypsy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Slavery origins are ignorance, self-indulgence and chauvinism. According to United Nations: Slavery Needs to be Eradicated, Says UN Chief. We must create a climate in which such unthinking abuse and cruelty are inconceivable. One way we can do this is through remembering the past, he stated. It would be very good and I think this is happening, is that we should be wise and learn from the past, because back then intolerance and racism where one of the key things that made slavery spread and develop.