What Are Red Algae

Of the more than 6,000 species of red algae, most are, not surprisingly, red, reddish, or purplish in color. Red algae  are  protists or microscopic organisms in the phylum Rhodophyta, and range from simple one-celled organisms to complex, multi-celled organisms. All algae get their energy from photosynthesis, but one thing that distinguishes red algae from other algae is that their cells lack flagella, the long, whiplike outgrowths from cells that are used to generate locomotion and sometimes serve a sensory function. Also surprisingly, they are not technically plants, although like plants they use chlorophyll  for photosynthesis and they have plant-like cell walls. How Red Algae Get Their Color When you think of algae, you might think of organisms that are usually green or brown. So what is it that gives red algae their distinctive hue? Red algae contain a variety of pigments, including chlorophyll, red phycoerythrin, blue phycocyanin, carotenes, lutein, and zeaxanthin. The most important pigment is phycoerythrin, which provides these  algae with their red pigmentation by reflecting red light and absorbing blue light. Not all of these algae  are a reddish color, though, as those with less phycoerythrin may appear more green or blue than red due to the abundance of the other pigments. Habitat and Distribution Red algae are found around the world, from polar waters to the tropics, and are commonly found in tide pools and in coral reefs. They also can survive at greater depths in the ocean than some other algae, because the phycoerythrins absorption of blue light waves, which penetrate deeper than other light waves do, allows red algae to carry out photosynthesis at a greater depth. Classification of Red Algae Kingdom: ProtistaPhylum: Rhodophyta Red Algae Species Some common examples of red algae include Irish moss, dulse, laver (nori), and coralline algae. Coralline algae help  to build tropical coral reefs. These algae secrete calcium carbonate to build a hard shell around their cell walls. There are upright forms of coralline algae, which look very similar to coral, as well as encrusting forms, which grow as a mat over hard structures such as rocks and the shells of organisms such as clams and snails. Coralline algae are often found deep in the ocean, at the maximum depth that light will penetrate the water. Natural and Human Uses of Red Algae Red algae are an important part of the worlds ecosystem because they are eaten by fish, crustaceans, worms, and gastropods, but these algae are also eaten by humans. Nori, for example, is used in sushi and for snacks; it becomes dark, almost black when it is dried and has a green hue when cooked. Irish moss, or carrageenan, is an additive used in foods including pudding and in the production of some beverages, such as nut milk and beer. Red algae are also used to produce agars, which are gelatinous substances used as a food additive and in science labs as a culture medium. Red algae are rich in calcium and sometimes are used in vitamin supplements.

Globalization And The International Political Economy

Globalization the International Political Economy Globalization is a major factor in our international political economy. Globalization comes in many forms, some of which will be explained herein in more detail. According to Kegley and Blanton (2014), due to globalization, the number of questions about how changes in one country s economics and politics influence trends in the word politics and the global economy (p. 328), has resulted in an area of scholarly study being coined, to wit: international political economy (IPE). Also according to Kegley and Blanton (2014), IPE remains relevant because it focuses on the vortex of politics and economics that has become so controversial in today s age of globalization of finance and trade. It is important to note that there are many advantages, as well as some concerns, regarding the globalization of many different areas. Globalization To understand the importance of globalization, and what role it plays in the global economy, one must first comprehend what it is. In lectures provided throughout this course, globalization has been described as the broadening and deepening of connections between states, non-state actors, and individuals. On the one hand, to broaden means to reach out towards different people, countries, cultures, etc. On the other hand, to deepen means to reach the root of various issues and determine how those issues connect to different people in different countries. Two of many examples ofShow MoreRelatedGlobalization and the International Political Economy Essay3605 Words   |  15 PagesIntegration Introduction Various theories and perspectives have been proposed by theorists and international relations observers in explaining International Political Economy (IPE). The most salient among these perspectives are Realism, Liberalism, and Marxism. These paradigms or ways of looking at IPE enables international relations students to study the forces at work in the international realm and analyze how these factors interact to create the state of affairs of the IPE. Through theseRead MoreEssay on Globalization: Sharing Our Prosperity With the World1388 Words   |  6 Pages Globalization is the growing interdependence of the worlds people that involves the integration of economies, technologies, and cultures (Bradshaw). It is described as the increased movement of people, knowledge and ideas, and goods and money across national borders that have led to the increased interconnectedness among the world. Globalization is often thought of in economic terms but as we know there are three major components implicated with this idea including: economics, politics, andRead Moreis globalization undermining state sovereignty?1559 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough primitive trade and migration, globalization has become a major factor in the world organization since the twentieth century. With the creation of transnational companies, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, political and economic associations appeared new powerful actors that cannot be left apart in states’ decisions and whose influence may, according to some, threaten the authori ty of nation-states. Indeed it can be thought that globalization is causing the end of borders betweenRead MoreEssay on Globalization1614 Words   |  6 Pagestoday’s context. Globalization includes aspects like: economics, politics, ideas, knowledge, culture, society, environment, health, social etcetera. Though globalization can be traced back into time immemorial, but the extent and magnitude of present globalization is unprecedented. The integration and interdependence of globalization implies that today local event can have global impact and vice-versa. With the ongoing globalization process, it raises concerns about international security. AcademicRead MorePolitical Factors That Affect International Business1020 Words   |  5 PagesWhile Global businesses operate in overseas markets there is often a risk, the risk is referred to as political environment risk, and these factors can facilitate or hinder business operation. Some of the political factors that affect in ternational business include† (Justin Ervin. Zachary Smith A.2008). One significant political environmental factor that influences international business operation is trade agreements. Countries frequently enter into trade treaties to further facilitate tradeRead MoreGlobalization and Its Impact on International Business Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pages............3 What is Globalization....................................................4 The engines for Globalizations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Globalization’s impacts on international business†¦..7 The road ahead for international business†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Introduction Every day we hear it on the news, read it in the papers, overhear people talking about it†¦ and in every single instance the word globalization seems to have a differentRead MoreDrivers and Consequences of Globalization Essay examples1106 Words   |  5 Pagesdrivers of globalization and how these drivers impact organizations, describe the risks associated with global investing and explain the importance of cultural sensitivity and ethics in global finance. Global Finance Environment Globalization is the increasing interconnectedness of economies, markets, and people across nations. Increasing globalization creates additional competition from around the world, which then affects both local jobs and company profits. Globalization also hasRead MoreWhy Is History Such Important?1460 Words   |  6 PagesAfter all, history indeed repeats itself, and politics and globalization are no different. Hegemons rise and fall, crises and wars breakout, political systems build-up and collapse, all in all decisions are made that will lead future outcomes that dictate not only the domestic landscape but also the international landscape as well. The modern history of globalization and integration has been tumultuous to say the least. The international economy has experienced both periods of openness and closenessRead MoreGlobalization of the Economy1729 Words   |  7 PagesEconomic globalization has voluminous positive influences on international security as well. The most important effect of economic globalization is that it curbs the authority of state. It also reduces states’ dependence on military based security and ultimately reduces states ’ monopoly on security. This effect is considered by many, a prime factor contributing towards peace and stability. There are number of factors associated with economic globalization which affects states authority. FirstlyRead MoreThe Three Areas of Globalization954 Words   |  4 Pages According to Thomas Friedman, â€Å"In Globalization 1.0, which began around 1492, the world went from size large to size medium. In Globalization 2.0, the era that introduced us to multinational companies, it went from size medium to size small. And then around 2000 came Globalization 3.0, in which the world went from being small to tiny.† It is not something one can pin point and define as a formal structure of the current international system. Globalization is a notion of the growing interconnectedness

Docu. Free Essays

The purpose of this research is to determine what and how sales and inventory system can be a gig help for the business in recording and tracking the sales simultaneously. CHAPTER I Introduction Computer technology nowadays changes very fast. So it is very important for a business to cope up in such changes in order to be competitive with others. We will write a custom essay sample on Docu. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Using a manual sales and inventory for recording and tracking the sales is time consuming and not advisable for a big establishment to use. So, we are proposing this sales and inventory system, a software-based business solution used to simultaneously track sales activity and inventory. With the implementation Of this system in a business, it would be a great help. The program allows the entered sales to be computed accurately. Just by having all the items’ information enters into a database. It is easy to use, effective and efficient in organizing, tracking and calculating the sales. In addition, this study aims to develop reliable and manageable computerized sales and inventory system for Derides Poultry and Agar-Supply for a better manageable of a business. 1. 1 Background of the Study Define a Sales Inventory System In the past, sales and inventory systems were mutually exclusive systems, with one used to sell merchandise and the other used to track it; modern mint-of-sale systems incorporate computerized access to the inventory control system, allowing for real-time updating. An inventory and sales system working in unison effectively tracks product from the moment it enters the store to the moment it leaves, barring losses due to shrinkage. Separate Origins of Sales and Inventory Systems Originally, in the era before computers, sales were tracked with counter ledgers or, later on, mechanically issued receipts from cash registers. Inventories had their own ledger book, meaning that the two systems were entirely separate out of necessity. With the advent of modern computer technology, it has become possible to combine the two systems into one digital process. How to cite Docu., Papers

Siddhartha Quotes From His Spiritual Journey

'Siddhartha' Quotes From His Spiritual Journey Siddhartha is a novel by Hermann Hesse, an award-winning Swiss-German poet and novelist. A Western novel that takes place in India, the storyline follows Siddharthas spiritual journey during the time of Buddha. Exploring themes of enlightenment, the balance between opposites, love, and indirection, the episodic book reflects Hesses own pacifist outlook and Eastern influence.   Here are a few quotes from the work on the quest for self-discovery and nirvana.   Chapter 1 Was Atman then not within him? Was not then the source within his own heart? One must find the source within ones own Self, one must possess it. Everything else was seeking- a detour, error.When all the  Self was  conquered and  dead  when all passions and desires were silent, then the last must awaken, the innermost of Being that is no longer Self- the great secret! Chapter 2 Siddhartha was silent. He dwelt long on the words which Govinda had uttered. Yes, he thought, standing with a bowed head, what remains from all that is holy to us? What remains? What is preserved? And he shook his head. Chapter 3 You have renounced home and parents, you have renounced your own will, you have renounced friendship. That is what the teachings preach, that is the will of the Illustrious One.The teaching which you have heard...is not my opinion, and its goal is not to explain the world to those who are thirsty for knowledge. Its goal is quite different; its goal is salvation from the suffering. That is what Gotama teaches, nothing else.I, also, would like to look and smile, sit and walk like that, so free, so worthy, so restrained, so candid, so childlike and mysterious. A man only looks and walks like that when he has conquered his Self. Chapter 4 I, who wished to read the book of the world and the book of my own nature, did presume to despise the letters and signs. I called the world of appearances, illusion. I called my eyes and tongue, chance. Now it is over; I have awakened. I have indeed awakened and have only been born today.That was the last shudder of his awakening, the last pains of birth. Immediately he moved on again and began to walk quickly and impatiently, no longer homewards, no longer to his father, no longer looking  backward. Chapter 6 She taught him that lovers should not separate from each other after making love without admiring each other, without being conquered as well as conquering, so that no feeling of satiation or desolation arises nor the horrid feeling of misusing or having been misused.Siddharthas sympathy and curiosity lay only with the people, whose work, troubles, pleasures, and follies were  more unknown  and remote from him than the moon. Although he found it so easy to speak to everyone, to live with everyone, to learn from everyone. Chapter 7 He rose, said farewell to the mango tree and the pleasure garden. As he had not had any food that day he felt extremely hungry, and thought of his house in town, of his room and bed, of the table with food. He smiled wearily, shook his head and said good-bye to these things. Chapter 8 The wheel of appearances revolves quickly, Govinda. Where is Siddhartha the Brahmin, where is Siddhartha the Samana, where is Siddhartha the rich man? The transitory soon changes, Govinda, you know that.Now, he thought, that all transitory things have slipped away from me again, I stand once more beneath the sun, as I once stood as a small child. Nothing is mine, I know nothing, I possess nothing, I have learned nothing.As a  child,  I learned that pleasures of the world and riches were not good. I have known it for a long time, but I have only just experienced it. Now I know it not only with my  intellect  but with my ears, with my heart, with my stomach. It is a good thing that I know this. Chapter 9 Nothing was, nothing will be, everything has reality and presence. Chapter 10 It was true that he had never fully lost himself in another person to such an extent as to forget himself; he had never undergone the follies of love for another person.Siddhartha realized that the desire that had driven him to this place was foolish, that he could not help his son, that he should not force himself on him. He felt a deep love for the runaway boy, like a wound, and yet felt at the same time that this wound was not intended to fester in him, but that it should heal. Chapter 11 Had not his father suffered the same pain that he was now suffering for his son? Had not his father died long ago, alone, without having seen his son again? Did not he expect the same fate? Was it not a comedy, a strange and stupid thing, this repetition, this course of events in a fateful circle?All of them together was the stream of events, the music of life.From that hour Siddhartha ceased to fight against his destiny. There shone in his face the serenity of knowledge, of one who is no longer confronted with conflict of desires, who has found salvation, who is in harmony with the stream of events, with the stream of life, full of sympathy and compassion, surrendering himself to the stream, belonging to the unity of things. Chapter 12 Seeking means: to have a goal; but finding means: to be free, to be receptive, to have no goal.Therefore, it seems to me that everything that exists is good- death as well as life, sin as well as holiness, wisdom as well as folly. Everything is necessary, everything needs only my agreement, my assent, my loving understanding; then all is well with me and nothing can harm me.He saw all these forms and faces in a thousand relationships to each other, all helping each other, loving, hating, destroying each other and become newly born. Each one of them was mortal, a passionate, painful example of all that was transitory. Yet none of them died, they only changed, were always reborn, continually had a new face: only time stood between one face and another.

Racism and Immigration, a view

Racism and Immigration, a view Free Online Research Papers This is in a nutshell my views and opinions of not so much the world, but of the â€Å"Land of the Free†, the United States of America that we live in. I unfortunately as a child learned quickly that I was different than all my peers. I grew up in Clyde, Ohio which is a small town that is still to this day is predominately a white city. It started to set in when I started school and realized that I was different than everyone else except my sister who was two grades ahead of me. See, I was raised by my grandparents on the Caucasian side of my family for reasons unrelated to the Hispanic ethnicity of my father’s family. My mother had never married my father and the step-father that she chose to have my two half-brothers with was a violent man towards his step-children. Actions that are still under question caused my grandparents to step in and file for full custody of my sister and I, and had no trouble doing so. Unfortunately my mom and brothers were left in that sort of situation and not till I was older and questioned it did I know why things were the way they turned out. After realizing the circumstances I see now that it was for the better of the two of us, I just wish the rest of my family could have gotten away also. I’m sorry to say that the older of my two brothers passed away in a vehicle accident almost one year ago, God rest his soul, but the younger of the two has been blessed with beautiful twin boys that are now four years ol d and smarter than ever. Now that there is some family background I will get back to the part when I noticed a difference. My grandparents insisted that all their children go through a Catholic Grade School, so with that it already narrowed class size down to twenty to thirty students per grade. Now in school the color of my skin wasn’t much of a factor, at least not that I actually heard. Matter of fact I think my diversity made me more appealing to the teachers to teach me, and also helped a little with the lady folk. Outside school on the other hand the public school students were not afraid to voice there opinion. I heard all kinds of different terms used most memorable being mexi-billy, due to the fact that I grew up in the country. Luckily I had quite a few of kids my age that lived nearby way out in the country, conveniently, who sometimes made fun but reassured that we were still friends and it was just harmless bull-shitting between us. As close friends give each other shit, thatâ€℠¢s just what we did to avoid boredom out in B.F.E. That was my childhood in a quick summary, and it was actually a pretty well rounded one, except for the sheltered ness of the conservative catholic upbringing. All that aside I enjoyed my childhood while I was in it. Although there was always those questions about my parents in the back of my head that I would just have to wait till I was old enough to figure it out for myself. I am now twenty-six with a beautiful girlfriend that has two children ages nine and eight from her previous relationship and one of my own on the way. Although I consider the two mine since I’ve been there for more than half their lives and love them as my own. I do believe that its love that makes up a family and not just blood, regardless of color, race, or gender preference. Now since we’ve all been together we have moved from Clyde, a small white powered town, to Sandusky, which is a little more diverse, to Huron, another small predominately white town. When I asked my nine year old daughter about the population difference between cities and schools they’ve attended she answered me â€Å"What difference† , she is unaware that color is a difference yet. She sees it as being a boy or a girl, you’re just born that way, and that’s wonderful to hear as a parent. One thing that does come into play in her life is the aspect of being one of the smarter kids in the class and shying away from raising her hand to often, afraid of being called a know it all or maybe worse. This idea coincides with an article I found in the Sandusky Register titled â€Å"Classmate’s criticism stuns smart student into silence.† This was actually a Dear Abby letter from a teen that was shun from answering teachers questions in clas s due to classmates criticism, this is an awful prejudice to use against someone and instead should be promoted. Now, on to my father, now 45, who was of Hispanic descent growing up in Clyde. He went through up to his tenth grade year of school until one day in science class the teacher asked a questioned. At first called on him, and when he hesitated to give out the answer the teacher spat out quote, â€Å"you wouldn’t know the answer anyway your just a stupid Mexican!† This as you could guess was the last day of his school career. Of course a meeting was arranged and the teacher was made to apologize, but it just wasn’t enough, he had humiliated him in front of twenty five other students who still would have thought it was fine to use such racial slurs. Now other the other side of the story was my mother who was white but also a woman. She stated when asked that it was just assumed men were more likely to prosper while women were to grow up to be housewives or possibly receptionists. She was the oldest of my grandparents children and also went to a catholic school where sex was a â€Å"hush, hush† discussion between students and wasn’t a topic for public discussion and definitely not at home. Now she has traveled all over the U.S. working and says the discrimination is still at its best. Mostly in bigger cities, which you wouldn’t think due to the vast amount of cultures. She has came to the conclusion that no matter what its you, yourself who needs to make a name for yourself and not expect things on silver platters regardless of color, race, or gender. Unfortunately racism and prejudices are things that are always going to be right around one corner or the other. Just like Tim Thomas in our first reading â€Å"A Year of Trouble† he might not have been doing anything at that moment but by running he showed suspicion and being a known traffic offender he made the officer perceive that maybe there was more going on at that moment. It’s tragic that it did end up the way it did in a casualty but according to the past and the area the officer thought that he was in danger, at least I hope. All wrapped up all these issues that have been discussed definitely will need to be worked on and polished for the rest of human existence. Hopefully it all comes around full circle when eventually everyone’s all the same color due to interracial couples, and no one can then point the finger without four pointing back at them. Research Papers on Racism and Immigration, a viewStandardized TestingHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Spring and AutumnThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseQuebec and Canada

6 Directions for Visual Display of Content

6 Directions for Visual Display of Content 6 Directions for Visual Display of Content 6 Directions for Visual Display of Content By Mark Nichol Whether you self-publish online or in print, or submit to publications in various media, consider not just the cognitive impact of the content but also the visual presentation. 1. Sentences Concise sentences are effective. They convey much information in few words. But a succession of several such sentences is wearying. A string of short sentences is like stop-and-go traffic. Elegance and eloquence in language usage is a key consideration in composition, but so is the flow of language. Be aware of how sentences roll along. You’re likely to find that you are most pleased to read something demonstrating a variety of sentence lengths. 2. Paragraphs Paragraph length is also a consideration. The traditional rule of essay writing is to present a topic statement followed by three supporting sentences and a conclusion. The model essay, according to a similar rule, is formatted in the same way: a topic paragraph, three paragraphs that illustrate the point, and a summarizing paragraph. No composition need be composed so rigidly, and the publication medium must also be taken into consideration. A single-column book format is more forgiving of long paragraphs, but a two-column book layout or a magazine’s page design merits more frequent breaks. Scan-friendly paragraphs, meanwhile, are more suitable for newspapers and for online writing. (Nothing is more off-putting on the Web than a full-width slab of unbroken writing, unless it’s a full-width slab of unbroken writing in red type on a black background.) The argument-support-conclusion is a valid ideal, but consider also the visual esthetics of a paragraph. 3. Subheadings What else can you do to give readers a break? Insert one or more levels of subheadings an especially useful strategy for procedural content like a construction or assembly guide (in which case the subheadings should also be numbered to help the reader follow the sequence). Publications generally vary the style for various levels, as well, so if you’re self-publishing, whether in print, or online, consider capitalizing top-level heads, initial-capping those at the next level, and using italics for the third level, for example. 4. Lists Introduce vertical lists numbered, unnumbered, or bulleted, as appropriate in applicable contexts. Again, this approach is especially useful for instructions or materials lists, but it can also be applied when you introduce concepts you will discuss in more detail later or to enumerate other points. 5. Dialogue When you write dialogue, set each person’s speech off in a new paragraph. Make exceptions for such instances as rapid-fire exclamations in a crowd scene or a quick back-and-forth between new characters, but generally follow this convention for fiction and nonfiction alike; doing so also obviates the need for continual attribution (â€Å"he said,† â€Å"she added,† and so on). 6. Graphics When you self-publish, you can also employ graphic elements photographs or illustrations, or visual information like charts, graphs, figures, and the like to help break up the written content. Another solution is what’s called a pull quote a memorable or trenchant statement from the narrative or a speaker’s quotation. (If the latter, place in quotation marks and identify the source of the comment.) Graphics and pull quotes can take up a full column width or can cut in to one partially, depending on the column width, the point size of the type, and the size and nature of the element, or type can be wrapped around a large visual element. Also, consider inserting a thin rule (line) or a signature object (a flower for an essay about gardening, or an illustration of a hammer for directions about how to build a deck), but don’t crowd such elements too closely with subheadings or other devices suggested above. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?20 Words Meaning "Being or Existing in the Past"Quiet or Quite?

Threat and Risk Assessments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Threat and Risk Assessments - Essay Example reat essence to establish a universal body that puts into consideration the diversity in agencies, jurisdiction and countries, however, how difficult it is. Strategies such as a universal framework that is flexible in taking care of threats and risk assessment need to be implemented. They have different requirements and can be enhanced through charts and diagrams that are simple to analyze and comprehend. They also use common terminologies that are well defined. This paper, therefore, provides an analysis of logical assessment of intelligence problems through structured analysis and sequentially discusses the significance of using that method basing evidence from well-researched materials and sources. One of the key challenges law enforcement agencies are facing within crime intelligence is the confusion in definition of two terminologies, which include threat assessment and risk assessment (Calder & Watkins, 2007). Shading more light on this will help these agencies understand what threats and risk assessment entails. To beginners, threat assessment involves a cross extermination of the nature and intensity of a particular threat that can cause harm. This extermination further entails identification of the probability of the threat to occur and the extent of harm it is likely to cause in any case it occurs. On the other hand, risk assessment involves taking into consideration that the threat will occur and that the magnitude of the harm it is likely to impose is so large (Calder & Watkins, 2007). Lest one understands the difference between the two, more mistakes and confusion of intelligence assessments of one applying for the other are still expected. The main reason for conducting a threat and risk assessment is to provide decision makers with a tangible reason for the occurrence of undesirable, present and potential events and evidences that the identified event is likely to occur. Additionally, it suggests some of the dangers that may result suppose the